In 1985, scientists made a startling discovery: a massive seasonal loss of ozone high above Antarctica. This “ozone hole” was soon confirmed by NASA satellite observations, revealing that the problem extended across the continent. The ozone layer acts as Earth’s natural sunscreen, absorbing much of the Sun’s harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation before it reaches the surface. Without this protection, increased UV exposure can damage DNA, threaten ecosystems, and raise risks to human health.
Researchers quickly traced the ozone hole to chemicals created by people, including chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons. These compounds, once widely used in refrigeration, air conditioning, and industrial applications, release chlorine and bromine in the atmosphere that destroy ozone molecules.
The Antarctic ozone hole became one of the clearest examples of science guiding public policy. International agreements, most notably the Montreal Protocol, led countries around the world to phase out ozone-depleting substances. The treaty is widely regarded as one of the most successful environmental agreements ever implemented.
In his Science Café presentation, atmospheric scientist Paul A. Newman will explore the discovery and science of the Antarctic ozone hole, the global policy response that followed, and what current research suggests about the ozone layer’s recovery in the decades ahead.
